01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Generously grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick cooking spray.
02 - Arrange half of the cubed croissants in an even layer across the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
03 - In a medium mixing bowl, beat the softened cream cheese and granulated sugar together until smooth and creamy. Add the eggs, whole milk, vanilla extract, and lemon zest, then mix until fully combined and uniform in consistency.
04 - Place the blueberries in a small bowl and gently toss with the all-purpose flour to coat evenly. This prevents the berries from sinking during baking, especially important when using frozen blueberries.
05 - Sprinkle half of the flour-coated blueberries over the first croissant layer. Pour half of the cream cheese custard mixture evenly over the croissants and berries. Layer the remaining croissant cubes on top, followed by the remaining blueberries. Pour the rest of the custard mixture over everything, pressing down gently so the croissants absorb the liquid.
06 - Allow the assembled casserole to rest at room temperature for 10 minutes so the croissants fully soak up the custard. Alternatively, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight for a make-ahead preparation.
07 - Bake in the preheated oven for 35 to 40 minutes until the custard is set, the top is golden brown, and a knife inserted near the center comes out clean.
08 - Remove from the oven and let cool for 10 minutes. Dust generously with powdered sugar using a sieve. Serve warm with maple syrup or whipped cream on the side if desired.