01 - Preheat oven to 320°F. Line the bottom and sides of a 9-inch round cake pan with parchment paper and tightly wrap the outside with two layers of aluminum foil.
02 - Set a heatproof bowl over a saucepan of gently simmering water. Add cream cheese, unsalted butter, and whole milk. Stir continuously until the mixture is smooth and fully melted. Remove from heat and allow to cool slightly.
03 - Whisk in the egg yolks one at a time until smooth. Mix in lemon juice, lemon zest if desired, and vanilla extract until blended.
04 - Sift cake flour, cornstarch, 1/2 cup granulated sugar, and a pinch of salt into the mixture. Whisk gently until combined and smooth.
05 - In a clean, dry bowl, beat egg whites with an electric mixer on medium speed until foamy. Gradually add remaining 1/4 cup sugar and continue beating until stiff, glossy peaks form.
06 - Gently fold one third of the meringue into the cream cheese base to lighten. Carefully fold in the remaining meringue in two more additions until fully incorporated, avoiding deflation.
07 - Pour batter into prepared pan, smoothing the surface. Tap lightly on the counter to release large air bubbles.
08 - Place the cake pan inside a larger roasting pan. Pour hot water into the roasting pan so it reaches halfway up the sides of the cake pan. Bake for 60 to 70 minutes until set and a skewer inserted comes out mostly clean. Tent loosely with foil if browning too quickly.
09 - Turn off oven and leave the cake inside with the door slightly ajar for 15 minutes to prevent sudden cooling.
10 - Remove cake from water bath and let cool completely in pan. Unmold when cool and chill for optimal texture before serving. Present plain or dusted with powdered sugar.